What is the operating system
Or in short symbols : OS, is defined as a set of software,
which is the link between the user and the computer, and it is also defined as
the main driver of the computer, and the coordinator between the physical parts
of the computer and Software; That is, he is responsible for managing the
computer; The operating system serves as a compiler or a means of communication
between the user and the computer.
The operating system is defined as a set of basic programs
that manage the computer, organize all the tasks that it performs, and make it
easier for the user to benefit from the equipment and accessories that make up
the device, as well as enable him to benefit from various application programs
like Microsoft office , google chrome …..etc.
What does the operating system do ?
The tasks of the
operating system differ according to the computer used, but they can be
summarized as follows :
-Data path control:
the operating system manages the flow and path of data; By controlling its
movement between computer units.
-Controlling input
and output units: This is done
by controlling the process of entering data into the computer via input units,
such as the keyboard or mouse, and monitoring the processing processes, then
displaying the data on the output units and the maÙ‡n part using for that is the screen .
Detection
of faults: The system runs
special programs when a specific malfunction occurs, which is concerned with
discovering faults and giving a report on the malfunction.
Control
the main memory unit: some
operating systems have the ability to run more than one program at the same
time, and some allow more than one user to work on the device at the same time;
The role of the OS here lies in distributing the main memory to more than one
user. If more than one user is connected to the computer.
Communication with the user: the OS acts
as a translator between the user and the computer; Where it helps the computer
user to follow the programs and the commands that have been executed by
displaying them on the command issuing screen; To orient the computer properly,
and this is done by showing the user interfaces .
Download
application software: Here is
the role of the operating system in transferring application software from
storage media to the main memory, then to the central processing unit to be
executed.
Mechanism of
work
The OS follows a
flowchart of operations , To carry out the tasks assigned to it, and it goes
through several stages, which are:
Operation: The operating system reads the instructions
stored in the read-only memory (ROM) when operating the computer and executes
them.
Inspection: The OS checks the Input
Unites and Output Unites to make sure of its safety.
System load: After confirming the integrity of the input
and output units the operating system will be loaded from the hard and soft
disks.
Receive orders: This is done by taking orders from the
computer user to be executed by the operating system.
System operation: it is the most important stage the system
starts executing the user's commands upon completion of the download process
and receiving the orders and that is
through application software. The end of the process and its repetition:
at the last stage the operating system returns to the first step and remains
waiting for new commands to be issued from the user to start executing them in
the same way again.
Types of
operating system
There are many types
of operating systems this is due to the fact that computer uses and
applications have become very much needed in various fields of life, and this
great demand for computers and its applications has opened the way for many
operating systems that meet specific needs according to the nature and quality
of their programming each operating system has its own characteristics and from
the operating systems used in the computer world we mention :
DOS operating
system: or Disk Operating
System, and this system is considered one of the very old systems used to run
many hardware programs, for example this system was used to operate devices The
personal IBM, in addition to the IBM devices, and this system was named after
the company, and in 1981 Microsoft President Bill Gates developed this system,
and it was called the developed system MS-DOS, and this system depends on
running text commands directly, and this one-tasking system .
The Linux operating
system : It is one of the most
famous and widespread and used systems, and it is an open source system, and it
is characterized by a beautiful and simple graphic interface, it has many
different versions, and it is characterized by protection High and safe when
used, and it can be modified because it is a completely free system, and is
usually used by engineers specialized in many technologies field and networks in general.
Windows Operating
System : This system is one of
the most famous OS, and it is affiliated with Microsoft International, and the
beginning of this system was in 1985; Where it was a graphic panel to help in
writing commands in the DOS system, later Microsoft launched a separate
operating system called Windows 95, and in the year one thousand nine hundred
and ninety-eight the company launched a new version of the operating system
called Windows 98 And many different versions of Windows were released after
it, such as Windows 2000, Windows 2003, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows 8,
and finally Windows 10. Windows is the most used operating system around the
world due to its reliance on a system of graphic interfaces that simplify and
facilitate work on it By users, in addition to that it is the only system
approved for playing video games, which gave it a very large base of users
around the world.
Mac OS X: This system is intended
mainly for Apple Macintosh devices, and it is a paid and free system. Haiku
system: It is a free and open source operating system like Linux,
characterized by simplicity, beauty and speed of performance , it was launched
in 2001, and Haiku system is considered one of the systems used for personal
use.
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